Resumen El objetivo es llevar a cabo un análisis de los resultados del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) en el sector agropecuario de México. Se identifican dos periodos, el primero de 1994-2014 con efectos negativos en el sector agropecuario de la economía. El segundo de 2015-2020 con superávit en la Balanza Comercial Agropecuaria y un efecto positivo en el resto de la economía. Con fundamento en el efecto Kaldor-Verdoorn (KV), se estima un modelo econométrico. Los resultados arrojan que las exportaciones agropecuarias y el gasto público total destinado al sector agropecuario como variables independientes se correlacionan significativa y positivamente con la producción del sector agropecuario como variable dependiente durante la implementación del TLCAN.

Abstract The objective is to carry out an analysis of the results of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on Mexico's agricultural and livestock sector. Two periods are identified, the first one from 1994-2014 with negative effects of the agricultural sector on the economy. The second one from 2015-2020 with a surplus in the Agricultural Trade Balance and a positive effect on the rest of the economy. Based on the Kaldor-Verdoorn (KV) effect, an econometric model is estimated. The results show that agricultural exports and public spending for the agricultural sector as independent variables are significantly and positively correlated with the production of the agricultural and livestock sector as dependent variable during the implementation of NAFTA.

Abstract: The primary goal of this study is to assess the opportunities that students have to access and handle digital training scenarios while displaying the skills needed to use information and communication technologies on a digital ecosystem. The methodological approach has a mixed design. A questionnaire containing 28 items is applied and an online discussion forum is set up. The sample consists of 280 students from the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the University of La Guajira (Colombia). The results indicate that there is a gap in access to technology, since only 45.7% of the participants claim to have a personal computer or a tablet, while only 39.3% can regularly access the Internet. It is concluded that during the COVID-19 pandemic there were considerable gaps in accessing and using digital tools; however, students developed skills to more efficiently use the technologies they had access to.

Resumen: Este estudio tiene como propósito indagar sobre las oportunidades que tienen los estudiantes para acceder e interactuar en escenarios digitales de formación, así como para desplegar competencias relacionadas con el aprovechamiento del ecosistema digital. El diseño metodológico corresponde a un diseño mixto. Se aplica un cuestionario conformado por 28 ítems y se desarrolla un foro de discusión online. La muestra es de 280 estudiantes de la Facultad Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de la Guajira (Colombia). Los resultados indican que principalmente existe una brecha tecnológica, ya que solo el 45.7% de los participantes afirmaron tener un computador personal o una Tablet, mientras que únicamente el 39.3% puede acceder de manera constante a Internet. Se concluye que durante la pandemia por el COVID-19 se exhibieron brechas para acceder y usar herramientas digitales, sin embargo, los estudiantes desarrollaron competencias para utilizar más eficientemente las tecnologías que tienen a su alcance.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta el proceso de formulación y validación del modelo tecnológico empoderado y pedagógico (TEP) para el desarrollo de la competencia digital docente en la formación inicial del profesorado. El abordaje metodológico se orienta desde la investigación basada en diseño que integra el análisis contextual de la realidad con los referentes teóricos y empíricos en innovación educativa. Se desarrollan dos fases de investigación que corresponden al 1) proceso de formulación del modelo de formación a partir de un análisis multidimensional derivado de la revisión sistemática de literatura y 2) a la validación de contenido del modelo a través del método Delphi modificado. Participaron once expertos en tecnología educativa. Los resultados muestran que el modelo TEP es validado de manera positiva por expertos y se articula con las necesidades y problemáticas del contexto. En conclusión, el modelo TEP responde a los retos de la formación en innovación educativa y se argumenta desde los aportes teóricos y empíricos.

Abstract: This study presents the process of formulation and validation of a technologically empowered and pedagogical (TEP) model for the development of teaching digital competence of teachers in training. The methodological approach applies a design-based research that integrates contextual analysis of reality with theoretical and empirical references in educational innovation. Two research phases are developed that correspond to 1) the process of formulating a training model from a multidimensional analysis derived from a systematic review of the literature and 2) the validation of the model’s content through the modified Delphi method. Eleven experts in educational technology participate in the study. The results show that experts positively validate the TEP model and they also show that the model meets context needs and issues. In conclusion, the TEP model addresses the challenges of educational innovation training as supported by theoretical and empirical data.

SUMMARY: The anatomical variations of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) and latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) range from agenesis to the presence of supernumerary fascicles with a variety of insertions and relationships with the muscles, fascia, vessels, nerves and skeletal components of the shoulder girdle and the axilla. Many of these variations are clinically irrelevant, but extremely interesting and revealing from the perspective of comparative anatomy, ontogeny, and phylogeny. In this report, we present two different supernumerary muscles in the chest of one adult male body, identified during dissection practice of undergraduate medical students at Universidad Surcolombiana. These supernumerary fascicles in the axillary region were caudal to the lower edge of the PMM on the right side of the chest, and in contact with the anterior edge of the LDM on the left side of the chest; each fascicle was inserted in the ipsilateral coracoid process. These observations are congruent with the pectoralis quartus muscle and an incomplete and superficial axillary arch, respectively.

RESUMEN: Las variaciones anatómicas del músculo pectoral mayor (MPM) y del músculo latísimo del dorso (MLD) van desde la agenesia hasta la presencia de fascículos supernumerarios con una variedad de inserciones y relaciones con los músculos, fascias, vasos, nervios y componentes esqueléticos de la cintura escapular y la axila. Clínicamente, muchas de las variaciones son irrelevantes, pero extremadamente interesantes y reveladoras desde la perspectiva de la anatomía comparada, la ontogenia y la filogenia. En este estudio, presentamos dos músculos supernumerarios diferentes en la pared torácica de un hombre adulto, identificados durante la práctica de disección de estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Surcolombiana. Estos fascículos supernumerarios en la región axilar estaban caudales al margen inferior del MPM en el lado derecho del tórax y en contacto con el margen anterior del MLD en el lado izquierdo del tórax; cada fascículo se insertaba en el proceso coracoides ipsilateral. Estas observaciones son congruentes con el músculo pectoral cuarto y un arco axilar incompleto y superficial, respectivamente.

Abstract Background: Studies of sorption and desorption of herbicides in soils are essential in predicting their transport, bioavailability, and transformation in the soil profile. These studies are also vital to predict the agronomic efficiency of the herbicides in controlling weeds. Objective: In this study, atrazine’s sorption and desorption kinetics were evaluated in samples composed of single and a mixture of horizons from the Red-Yellow Latosol profile. Methods: This was performed by the Batch equilibrium method, and the quantification was carried out using a High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Freundlich isotherms were adjusted appropriately to describe the atrazine sorption. The Kf values obtained varied between 0.188 and 2.592, and the Koc values ranged between 37.76 and 143.81, which corresponded to horizons C and A, respectively. The desorption was only possible to determine in horizon A. The other substrates presented low sorption, and the desorption of the remaining atrazine was not significant, therefore not adjusting to the Freundlich model. The organic matter (OM) was the main attribute to the atrazine sorption in the soil, presenting a high correlation with Kf and Koc values. In the horizon A samples, the Kfd value obtained in desorption was higher than the Kf obtained in sorption, which indicated a low desorption capacity and, therefore, low potential mobility of the herbicide in this soil horizon. Conclusions: It was concluded that the organic matter present in greater quantity in horizon A of the Red-Yellow Latosol has a crucial role in the dynamics of atrazine in the horizons of this soil.

Resumen Introducción: La capacidad de predicción de las osteonas para determinar la edad de muerte de los individuos ha sido descrito en la literatura científica. No obstante, no se ha determinado dicha capacidad en individuos subadultos. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de lo parámetros histomorfometricos en población subadulta. Metodología: Se realizaron biopsias de hueso ilíaco en los restos de 120 subadultos, de la Colección Osteológica de Granada, con edad conocida en el momento de la muerte. Para establecer la capacidad de predicción se utilizó el R2 obtenido a partir de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Las variables con mayor nivel predictivo y significativo para la estimación de la edad fueron: recuento de osteonas tipo 2 de la cortical interna y externa, y el volumen óseo trabecular; En la evaluación del modelo, se obtuvo un coeficiente de determinación de 0.32, es decir, el 32% de la variación en la edad de los subadultos se explica por el modelo. Sin embargo, se evidenció diferencias en la capacidad de predicción por sexo. Conclusión: Este modelo de regresión explica un porcentaje sustancial de la varianza de la edad de los individuos en la muestra. No obstante, no es suficiente para garantizar una adecuada predicción de la edad al momento de muerte de los individuos subdultos.

Abstract Introduction: According to the literature, the amount of osteons has been suggested as a good proxy to determine the age of death in adults. However in subadults research has not been carried out yet. Objective: To determine the accuracy of the histomorphometric technique predicting the age at death in subadults using bone remains. Methodology: The information of static histomorphometric parameters from about 120 iliac bones retrieved from the exhumed remains of subadults whose age at death was known was taken from the Granada collection. In order to predict the age at death we performed a step by step linear regression to estimate the fittest model. Results: The most closely and significantly associated biopsy findings with age were: the osteon count, the internal cortical width, and the trabecular bone volume. Pearson’s correlation index indicated a weak linear association among these variables. To assess the accuracy of the model we used a coefficient of determination with a 0.32 value. 32% of the age variation in the subadults was explained by the three variables. Conclusion: This regression model explains a percentage of the total age variation in the subadult population. However this model is not enough to determine the age at death.

The tuberculosis has increased by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strain (MDR). Was associated clinical course of patients with tuberculosis and treatment resistance. 268 samples were obtained, the resistance to drugs was determined for blue Alamar; 41.04% corresponded to strain sensitive to all the drugs; 17.91% MDR. The resistance was: isoniazid 28%, rifampin 52%, streptomycin 24%, and ethambutol 27%. Of 268 patients, 197 were virgins to treatment, of which 44% presented primary resistance, but of these, only 5% MDR. 71 patients (26.49%) with previous treatment presented secondary resistance, of which 14.55% was MDR. At the end of the follow-up, 72% recovered, 21% remained sick, and 7% died. The patients with better forecast were with sensitive strain, followed by patients with primary resistance and those of badly forecast they were MDR.

La tuberculosis ha incrementado por el surgimiento de cepas multidrogorresistentes (MDR). Se asoció la evolución clínica de pacientes con tuberculosis y resistencia al tratamiento. Se obtuvieron 268 muestras, la resistencia a fármacos se determinó por Alamar azul; 41.04% correspondieron a cepas sensibles a todos los fármacos; 17.91% MDR. La resistencia fue: isoniazida 28%, rifampicina 52%, estreptomicina 24% y etambutol 27%. De 268 pacientes, 197 eran vírgenes a tratamiento, de los cuales 44% presentaron resistencia primaria, pero de estos, solo 5% MDR. 71 pacientes (26.49%) con tratamiento previo presentaron resistencia secundaria, de los cuales 14.55% fueron MDR. Al final del seguimiento, 72% sanó, 21% permaneció enfermo y 7% falleció. Los pacientes con mejor pronóstico fueron con cepas sensibles, seguidos de pacientes con resistencia primaria y los de mal pronóstico fueron MDR.

Peptic ulcers are a common disorder of the entire gastrointestinal tract, its etiology has not been completely elucidated. The basic physiopathological of peptic ulcers result from an imbalance between some endogenous aggressive factor and cytoprotective factors. The treatment of this disease is usually done with antacids or proton pump, but are currently being used plants derivated compounds. We evaluated the gastroprotective properties and its possible mechanisms of action of the essential oil from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, Burseraceae (BB). The formation of ulcers, were evaluated in three experimental models, through the induction of gastric lesions by ethanol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetic acid. The mechanisms of action were evaluated through the pylorus ligature experiment, western blot, GSH, GR, SOD, GPx, MDA and MPO activities. BB significantly inhibited the formation of ulcers induced by the three different models, increased the GSH and GR levels and maintained the same levels of SOD and GPx of the sham group, inhibited MPO and MDA, did not produce significant modification in gastric juice content and showed increased COX-2 and EGF. BB exerts its gastroprotective activity, possibly, by increasing COX-2 and EGF expression and due to its possible antioxidant property.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by a chronic clinical course of relapse and remission associated with self-destructive inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Active extracts from plants have emerged as natural potential candidates for its treatment. Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes, Fabaceae (Barbatimão), is a native medicinal plant in to Brazil. Previously we have demonstrated in an acute colitis model a marked protective effect of a butanolic extract, so we decided to assess its anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic ulcerative colitis model induced by trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS). Abarema cochliacarpos (150 mg/day, v.o.) was administered for fourteen consecutive days. This treatment decreased significantly macroscopic damage as compared with TNBS. Histological analysis showed that the extract improved the microscopic structure. Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) was significantly decreased. Study of cytokines showed that TNF-α was diminished and IL-10 level was increased after Abarema cochliacarpos treatment. In order to elucidate inflammatory mechanisms, expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were studied showing a significant downregulation. In addition, there was reduction in the JNK and p-38 activation. Finally, IκB degradation was blocked by Abarema cochliacarpos treatment being consistent with an up-regulation of the NF-kappaB-binding activity. These results reinforce the anti-inflammatory effects described previously suggesting that Abarema cochliacarpos could provide a source for the search for new anti-inflammatory compounds useful in ulcerative colitis treatment.

The interspecific competition effect on chaya growth and productivity was evaluated with variable planting density (PD), on a calcareous vertisol pelic type in Noh-Bec, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Chaya was set at 1.50 x 3.00 m, using cuttings without leaves; it was associated with young trees (less than 2 years old) of Cedrela odorata and Citrus latifolia in a 'Nelder' circle planting design of 3154 m2. Eight PD from 2602 to 3772 plants.ha-1 were established with 10 repetitions. Response variables were: rooting capacity, growth rate, vigor index, leaf area index and biomass production. The highest rooting of chaya cuttings occurred from intermediate to high PD (2889 to 3772 plants.ha-1); however, the best growth and productivity was obtained at the intermediate PD (2706 to 2889 plants.ha-1).

Se evaluó el efecto que tiene la competencia interespecífica en el crecimiento y la productividad de la chaya con densidad de plantación (DP) variable, en un suelo calcáreo de tipo vertisol pélico en Noh-Bec, Quintana Roo, México. La chaya se estableció a 1.50 x 3.00 m, utilizando estacas sin hojas; se asoció con árboles jóvenes (menores de dos años) de Cedrela odorata y Citrus latifolia en un diseño de plantación en círculo 'Nelder' de 3154 m2. Se establecieron ocho DP de 2602 a 3772 plantas.ha-1 con 10 repeticiones. Las variables de respuesta fueron: capacidad de enraizamiento, tasa de crecimiento, índice de vigor, índice de área foliar y producción de biomasa. El mayor enraizamiento de estacas de chaya se obtuvo en DP intermedias a altas (2889 a 3772 plantas.ha-1); sin embargo, el mejor crecimiento y productividad se obtuvo en DP intermedias (2706 a 2889 plantas.ha-1).

As propriedades hemolítica, anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva do extrato hidrolisado de Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm, Aparagaceae (HEAS) foram avaliadas em modelos clássicos de inflamação. Camundongos Swiss e ratos Wistars machos receberam HEAS (500 mg/kg) em duas vias de administração p.o e i.p em solução salina 0.9%. A hidrólise ácida inibiu a ação hemolítica das saponinas através da retirada das cadeias laterais de açúcar. O tratamento com HEAS reduziu significativamente o edema de orelha induzido por xilol em duas vias 13±1.5 e 10±0.63 mg respectivamente, p.o e i.p, em comparação com os controles 27±1.5 salina e 13.5±1.2 AAS. O HEAS também diminuiu o edema induzido por carragenina 43±1.58 mg (p.o) e 17±1.26 mg (i.p), quando comparado com os grupos controle 52±1.58 (salina) e 10.05±1.58 (indometacina). HEAS apresentou efeito analgésico em modelo de contorções abdominais 30.7% (p.o), 88.7% (i.p) comparado com aquele produzido pelo (AAS) 70.6%. Contudo, no modelo crônico de inflamação granuloma cotton pellet apenas a via i.p diminuiu o tecido granulomatoso (20.4±1.32 mg) comparado com os controles 30.5±2.53 (salina) e 20.2±2.18 mg (dexametasona). Esses dados sugerem que o HEAS possui atividades anti-inflamatória e analgésica em processos agudos e crônicos.

The hemolytic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties from hydrolyzed extract Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm., Asparagaceae (HEAS) was evaluated on classic inflammation models. Male Swiss mice and male Wistars rats received HEAS (500 mg/kg) in two administration p.o. and i.p. in saline solution 0.9%. The acid hydrolysis inhibited the hemolytic action of saponins due to the retreat of side chain sugar. The treatment of the ear induced oedema by xylene with HEAS significantly reduced in two routes 13±1.5 and 10±0.63 mg, respectively, p.o. and i.p., in comparison with controls 27±1.5 saline and 13.5±1.2 AAS. The HEAS also diminished edema induced by carrageenin 43±1.58 mg (p.o.) and 17±1.26 mg (i.p.), when compared with control groups 52±1.58 mg (saline) and 10.05±1.58 (indomethacin). HEAS showed analgesic effects in abdominal constrictions 30.7% (p.o.), 88.7% (i.p.) comparable to that produced by (AAS) 70.6%. However in granuloma cotton pellet a chronic model of inflammation just the i.p. pathway decreased granulomatous tissue (20.4±1.32 mg) compared with controls 30.5±2.53 mg (saline) and 20.2±2.18 mg (dexamethasone). These data suggest that HEAS has anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on acute and chronic processes.

Social support is described as an interaction between people that includes expression of affection, behavior affirmations, and material help. The loss of these positive elements can be replaced by feelings of physical or psychological dependency in the elderly, directly related to negative psychological symptoms like depression, feelings of solitude, burden, uselessness, and appearance of chronic diseases. The last part of the article contains a series of strategies that orientate nursing personnel toward social support of the elderly. This article invites a reflection on the importance of social support in the physical and psychological well being of the elderly, as a source for carrying out nursing studies in community and care areas.

El apoyo social se describe como la interacción entre las personas que incluye la expresión de afecto, la afirmación de los comportamientos y la ayuda material; la pérdida de estos elementos positivos pueden ser reemplazados por sentimientos de dependencia física o psicológica en el adulto mayor, relacionados directamente con los síntomas psicológicos negativos como la depresión, sentimientos de soledad, de carga, de inutilidad y la aparición de enfermedades crónicas. La parte final del artículo contiene una serie de estrategias que orientan al personal de enfermería hacia el aporte de apoyo social al adulto mayor. Este artículo invita a reflexionar sobre la importancia del apoyo social en el bienestar físico y psicológico del adulto mayor, como fuente para llevar a cabo estudios de enfermería tanto en el área asistencial como comunitaria.

Objetivo Realizar validación estadística de la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA), que había sido adaptada lingüísticamente para Colombia en el año 2008 por la Escuela de Nutrición de la Universidad de Antioquia. Métodos Estudio descriptivo. Con un 95 % de nivel de confianza, se aplicó la escala ELCSA a una muestra representativa de 150 hogares de gestantes adolescentes, procedentes de población pobre y vulnerable, consultantes de la ESE Salud Pereira, entre abril y junio de 2009. Se capacitaron cuatro entrevistadores, profesionales de enfermería, sobre el objeto de cada una de las preguntas. Se encuestaron 32 hogares de sólo adultos y 118 hogares con adultos, jóvenes y niños. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS. Se utilizó alfa de Cronbach, análisis factorial y de componentes múltiples. Resultados La ELCSA mostró excelente confiabilidad aplicada tanto en hogares de sólo adultos (Cronbach=0,927), como en hogares con adultos, jóvenes y niños (Cronbach=0,953). El análisis factorial utilizando la medida de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, presentó alta correlación entre los ítems, tanto en hogares de solo adultos (p=0.889), como en hogares con adultos, jóvenes y niños (p=0,895). La capacidad predictiva de la escala fue de 75 % en los tres componentes identificados: calidad y cantidad de alimentos, acceso o disponibilidad de alimentos, y medios socialmente no aceptables de adquisición y distribución. Conclusiones Los resultados validaron la escala ELCSA como un instrumento confiable para medir la seguridad alimentaria en los hogares colombianos.

Objective Statistically validating the Latin-American and Caribbean household food security scale (ELCSA) which had been linguistically adapted for Colombia during 2008 by the University of Antioquia's School of Nutrition. Methodology This was a descriptive study. The ELCSA scale (95 % confidence interval) was applied to a representative sample of 150 households containing pregnant adolescents from poor and vulnerable populations. The pregnant girls' families were covered by ESE Salud Pereira and had consulted between April and June 2009. Four professional nurses were trained as interviewers regarding the subject of each question. 32 adult-only households and households containing 118 adults, youngsters and children were surveyed. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis; Cronbach's alpha, factorial analysis and multiple components were used. Results ELCSA showed excellent reliability when applied to both adult-only households (Cronbach=0.927) and households having adults, teens and children (Cronbach=0.953). Factor analysis using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy test presented high correlation amongst the items in both single adult households (p = 0.889) and households containing adults, teens and children (p=0.895). The scale's predictive ability was 75 % in the three components identified: quality and quantity of food access or availability of food and non-socially acceptable means of acquisition and distribution. Conclusions The results validated the ELCSA scale as being a reliable tool for measuring household food security in Colombian households.

Objective Statistically validating the Latin-American and Caribbean household food security scale (ELCSA) which had been linguistically adapted for Colombia during 2008 by the University of Antioquia's School of Nutrition. Methodology This was a descriptive study. The ELCSA scale (95 % confidence interval) was applied to a representative sample of 150 households containing pregnant adolescents from poor and vulnerable populations. The pregnant girls' families were covered by ESE Salud Pereira and had consulted between April and June 2009. Four professional nurses were trained as interviewers regarding the subject of each question. 32 adult-only households and households containing 118 adults, youngsters and children were surveyed. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis; Cronbach's alpha, factorial analysis and multiple components were used. Results ELCSA showed excellent reliability when applied to both adult-only households (Cronbach=0.927) and households having adults, teens and children (Cronbach=0.953). Factor analysis using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy test presented high correlation amongst the items in both single adult households (p = 0.889) and households containing adults, teens and children (p=0.895). The scale's predictive ability was 75 % in the three components identified: quality and quantity of food access or availability of food and non-socially acceptable means of acquisition and distribution. Conclusions The results validated the ELCSA scale as being a reliable tool for measuring household food security in Colombian households.

Objetivo Realizar validación estadística de la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA), que había sido adaptada lingüísticamente para Colombia en el año 2008 por la Escuela de Nutrición de la Universidad de Antioquia. Métodos Estudio descriptivo. Con un 95 % de nivel de confianza, se aplicó la escala ELCSA a una muestra representativa de 150 hogares de gestantes adolescentes, procedentes de población pobre y vulnerable, consultantes de la ESE Salud Pereira, entre abril y junio de 2009. Se capacitaron cuatro entrevistadores, profesionales de enfermería, sobre el objeto de cada una de las preguntas. Se encuestaron 32 hogares de sólo adultos y 118 hogares con adultos, jóvenes y niños. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS. Se utilizó alfa de Cronbach, análisis factorial y de componentes múltiples. Resultados La ELCSA mostró excelente confiabilidad aplicada tanto en hogares de sólo adultos (Cronbach=0,927), como en hogares con adultos, jóvenes y niños (Cronbach=0,953). El análisis factorial utilizando la medida de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, presentó alta correlación entre los ítems, tanto en hogares de solo adultos (p=0.889), como en hogares con adultos, jóvenes y niños (p=0,895). La capacidad predictiva de la escala fue de 75 % en los tres componentes identificados: calidad y cantidad de alimentos, acceso o disponibilidad de alimentos, y medios socialmente no aceptables de adquisición y distribución. Conclusiones Los resultados validaron la escala ELCSA como un instrumento confiable para medir la seguridad alimentaria en los hogares colombianos.